Longman Anthology of British Literature, Volume 2A, The: The Romantics and Their Contemporaries, Fifth Edition
The Romantics and Their Contemporaries
Illustration: Thomas Girtin, Tintern Abbey
THE ROMANTIC PERIOD AT A GLANCE
INTRODUCTION
LITERATURE AND THE AGE: “NOUGHT WAS LASTING”
ROMANCE, ROMANTICISM, AND THE POWERS OF THE IMAGINATION
THE FRENCH REVOLUTION AND ITS REVERBERATIONS
Illustration: Thomas Rowlandson, after a drawing by Lord George Murray,
The Contrast
THE MONARCHY
Illustration: Thomas Lawrence, Coronation Portrait of the Prince Regent
(later, George IV)
INDUSTRIAL ENGLAND AND “NEVER-RESTING LABOUR”
CONSUMERS AND COMMODITIES
Color Plate 1: John Martin, The Bard
Color Plate 2: Thomas Gainsborough, Mrs. Mary Robinson
Color Plate 3: Thomas Phillips, Lord Byron
Color Plate 4: Anonymous, Portrait of Olaudah Equiano
Color Plate 5: J. M. W. Turner, Slavers Throwing the Dead and Dying
Overboard, Typhoon Coming On
Color Plate 6: William Blake, The Little Black Boy (second plate only)
Color Plate 7: William Blake, The Little Black Boy (another version of #6)
Color Plate 8: William Blake, The Tyger
Color Plate 9: William Blake, The Sick Rose
Color Plate 10: Joseph Wright, An Iron Forge Viewed from Without
AUTHORSHIP, AUTHORITY, AND “ROMANTICISM”
POPULAR PROSE
Illustration: George Cruikshank, The Press
PERSPECTIVES
The Sublime, the Beautiful, and the Picturesque
Illustration: Thomas Rowlandson, Dr. Syntax Sketching by the Lake
Illustration: Joseph Mallord William Turner, The Passage of the St. Gothard,
1804
EDMUND BURKE
from A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime
and Beautiful
Illustration: Benjamin Robert Haydon, Study after the Elgin
Marbles
IMMANUEL KANT
from The Critique of Judgement
WILLIAM GILPIN
Illustration: Edward Dayes, Tintern Abbey from across the
Wye, 1794
from Three Essays on Picturesque Beauty, on Picturesque Travel,
and on Sketching Landscape
Illustration: From William Gilpin’s Three Essays, 1792
MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT
from A Vindication of the Rights of Men
JANE AUSTEN
from Pride and Prejudice
from Northanger Abbey
MARIA JANE JEWSBURY
A Rural Excursion
JOHN RUSKIN
from Modern Painters
ANNA LETITIA BARBAULD
The Mouse’s Petition to Dr. Priestley
On a Lady’s Writing
Inscription for an Ice-House
To a Little Invisible Being Who Is Expected Soon to Become
Visible
To the Poor
Washing-Day
Eighteen Hundred and Eleven
RESPONSE
John Wilson Croker: from A Review of Eighteen Hundred
and Eleven
The First Fire
On the Death of the Princess Charlotte
CHARLOTTE SMITH
from ELEGIAC SONNETS AND OTHER POEMS
To the Moon
“Sighing I see yon little troop at play”
Illustration: Charlotte Smith, engraving for Sonnet IV, “To the Moon”
To melancholy. Written on the banks of the Arun October, 1785
Far on the sands
To tranquillity
Written in the church-yard at Middleton in Sussex
On being cautioned against walking on an headland overlooking the sea
The sea view
The Dead Beggar
The Emigrants, Book 1
from Beachy Head
PERSPECTIVES
The Rights of Man and the Revolution Controversy
HELEN MARIA WILLIAMS
from Letters Written in France, in the Summer of 1790
EDMUND BURKE
from Reflections on the Revolution in France
Illustration: James Gillray, Smelling out a Rat; –– or The Atheistical
Revolutionist disturbed in his Midnight Calculations
MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT
from A Vindication of the Rights of Men
Letter to Joseph Johnson, from Paris, December 27, 1792
THOMAS PAINE
from The Rights of Man
HELEN MARIA WILLIAMS
from Letters from France, 1796
WILLIAM GODWIN
from An Enquiry Concerning Political Justice and Its Influence on General
Virtue and Happiness
THE ANTI-JACOBIN, OR WEEKLY EXAMINER
The Friend of Humanity and the Knife-Grinder
The Widow
Illustration: James Gillray, illustration to The Friend of Humanity and the
Knife-Grinder
HANNAH MORE
Village Politics
ARTHUR YOUNG
from Travels in France During the Years 1787—1788, and 1789
from The Example of France, a Warning to Britain
from Jacobinism
from Once a Jacobin Always a Jacobin
WILLIAM BLAKE
All Religions Are One
There Is No Natural Religion [a]
There Is No Natural Religion [b]
SONGS OF INNOCENCE AND OF EXPERIENCE
Illustration: William Blake, frontispiece for Songs of Innocence
from Songs of Innocence
Introduction
The Shepherd
The Ecchoing Green
The Lamb
Illustration: William Blake, The Lamb
The Little Black Boy
The Blossom
The Chimney Sweeper
Illustration: William Blake, The Little Boy lost
The Little Boy lost
Illustration: William Blake, The Little Boy found
The Little Boy found
The Divine Image
HOLY THURSDAY
Nurses Song
Infant Joy
A Dream
On Anothers Sorrow
COMPANION READING
Charles Lamb: from The Praise of Chimney-Sweepers
from Songs of Experience
Introduction
EARTH’S Answer
The CLOD & the PEBBLE
HOLY THURSDAY
The Little Girl Lost
The Little Girl Found
THE Chimney Sweeper
NURSES Song
The SICK ROSE
Illustration: William Blake, THE Chimney Sweeper
Illustration: William Blake, THE FLY
THE FLY
The Angel
The Tyger
My Pretty ROSE TREE
AH! SUN-FLOWER
The GARDEN of LOVE
LONDON
The Human Abstract
INFANT SORROW
A Little BOY Lost
Illustration: William Blake, A POISON TREE
A Little GIRL Lost
The School-Boy
A DIVINE IMAGE
The Marriage of Heaven and Hell
Visions of the Daughters of Albion
Illustration: William Blake, Plate i from Visions of the Daughters of Albion
Illustration: William Blake, Plate 8, from Visions of the Daughters of Albion
LETTERS
To Dr. John Trusler (23 August 1799)
To Thomas Butts (22 November 1802)
PERSPECTIVES
The Abolition of Slavery and the Slave Trade
OLAUDAH EQUIANO
from The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah
Equiano
MARY PRINCE
from The History of Mary Prince, a West Indian Slave
THOMAS BELLAMY
The Benevolent Planters
JOHN NEWTON
Amazing Grace!
ANN CROMARTIE YEARSLEY
from A Poem on the Inhumanity of the Slave-Trade
WILLIAM COWPER
Sweet Meat Has Sour Sauce
The Negro’s Complaint
ANNA LETITIA BARBAULD
Epistle to William Wilberforce, Esq., On the Rejection of the Bill for Abolishing
the Slave Trade
HANNAH MORE AND EAGLESFIELD SMITH
The Sorrows of Yamba
ROBERT SOUTHEY
from Poems Concerning the Slave-Trade
DOROTHY WORDSWORTH
from The Grasmere Journals
THOMAS CLARKSON
from The History of the Rise, Progress, & Accomplishment of the Abolition of
the African Slave-Trade by the British Parliament
Illustration: Packing methods on a slave ship
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH
To Toussaint L’Ouverture
To Thomas Clarkson
from The Prelude
from Humanity
Letter to Mary Ann Rawson (May 1833)
THE EDINBURGH REVIEW
from Abstract of the Information laid on the Table of the House of Commons, on the Subject of the Slave Trade
GEORGE GORDON, LORD BYRON
from Detached Thoughts
MARY ROBINSON
Ode to Beauty
January, 1795
from Sappho and Phaon, in a Series of Legitimate Sonnets
III. The Bower of Pleasure
IV. Sappho discovers her Passion
VII. Invokes Reason
XI. Rejects the Influence of Reason
XII. Previous to her Interview with Phaon
XVIII. To Phaon
XXX. Bids farewell to Lesbos
XXXVII. Foresees her Death
The Camp
The Haunted Beach
London’s Summer Morning
The Old Beggar
MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT
Illustration: Portrait of Mary Wollstonecraft
A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
from To M. Talleyrand-Périgord, Late Bishop of Autun
Introduction
from Chapter 1. The Rights and Involved Duties of Mankind
Considered
from Chapter 2. The Prevailing Opinion of a Sexual Character
Discussed
from Chapter 3. The Same Subject Continued
from Chapter 5. Animadversions on Some of the Writers Who Have Rendered
Women Objects of Pity, Bordering on Contempt
from Chapter 13. Some Instances of the Folly Which the Ignorance
of Women Generates; with Concluding Reflections on the Moral
Improvement That a Revolution in Female Manners Might Naturally
Be Expected to Produce
RESPONSES
Anna Letitia Barbauld, The Rights of Woman
Ann Yearsley, The Indifferent Shepherdess to Colin
Robert Southey, To Mary Wollstonecraft
William Blake, from Mary
from The Wrongs of Woman, or Maria “Jemima’s Narrative”
PERSPECTIVES
The Wollstonecraft Controversy and the Rights of Women
CATHARINE MACAULAY
from Letters on Education
RICHARD POLWHELE
from The Unsex’d Females
PRISCILLA BELL WAKEFIELD
from Reflections on the Present Condition of the Female Sex
MARY ANN RADCLIFFE
from The Female Advocate
HANNAH MORE
from Strictures on the Modern System of Female Education
MARY LAMB
Letter to The British Lady’s Magazine, “On Needlework”
WILLIAM THOMPSON AND ANNA WHEELER
from Appeal of One Half the Human Race, Women, Against the Pretensions of
the Other Half, Men, to Retain Them in Political, and Thence in Civil and
Domestic Slavery
JOANNA BAILLIE
Plays on the Passions
from Introductory Discourse
London
A Mother to Her Waking Infant
A Child to His Sick Grandfather
Thunder
Song: Woo’d and Married and A’
LITERARY BALLADS
RELIQUES OF ANCIENT ENGLISH POETRY
Sir Patrick Spence
JAMES MACPHERSON
Carric-Thura: A Poem
ROBERT BURNS
To a Mouse
To a Louse
Flow gently, sweet Afton
Ae fond kiss
Comin’ Thro’ the Rye (1)
Comin’ Thro’ the Rye (2)
Scots, wha hae wi’ Wallace bled
Is there for honest poverty
RESPONSE
Charlotte Smith, To the shade of Burns
A Red, Red Rose
Auld Lang Syne
The Fornicator. A New Song
THOMAS MOORE
The harp that once through Tara’s halls
Believe me, if all those endearing young charms
The time I’ve lost in wooing
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH
LYRICAL BALLADS (1798)
Simon Lee
Anecdote for Fathers
We are seven
Lines written in early spring
The Thorn
Note to The Thorn (1800)
Expostulation and Reply
The Tables Turned
Old Man Travelling
Lines written a few miles above Tintern Abbey
LYRICAL BALLADS (1800, 1802)
from Preface
[The Principal Object of the Poems. Humble and Rustic Life]
[“The Spontaneous Overflow of Powerful Feelings”]
[The Language of Poetry]
[What is a Poet?]
[The Function of Metre]
[“Emotion Recollected in Tranquillity”]
“There was a Boy”
“Strange fits of passion have I known”
Song (“She dwelt among th’ untrodden ways”)
“A slumber did my spirit seal”
Lucy Gray
Poor Susan
Nutting
“Three years she grew in sun and shower”
The Old Cumberland Beggar
Michael
RESPONSES
Francis Jeffrey: [“the new poetry”]
Charles Lamb: from a letter to William Wordsworth
Charles Lamb: from a letter to Thomas Manning
SONNETS, 1802—1807
Prefatory Sonnet (“Nuns fret not at their Convent’s narrow room”)
Composed upon Westminster Bridge, Sept. 3, 1802
“The world is too much with us”
“It is a beauteous Evening”
“I griev’d for Buonaparte”
London, 1802
THE PRELUDE, OR GROWTH OF A POET’S MIND
Book First. Introduction, Childhood, and School time
from Book Second. School time continued
[Two Consciousnesses]
[Blessed Infant Babe]
from Book Fourth. Summer Vacation
[A Simile for Autobiography]
[Encounter with a “Dismissed” Soldier]
from Book Fifth. Books
[Meditation on Books. The Dream of the Arab]
[A Drowning in Esthwaite’s Lake]
[“The Mystery of Words”]
from Book Sixth. Cambridge, and the Alps
[The Pleasure of Geometric Science]
[Arrival in France]
[Travelling in the Alps. Simplon Pass]
from Book Seventh. Residence in London
[A Blind Beggar. Bartholomew Fair]
from Book Ninth. Residence in France
[Paris]
[Revolution, Royalists, and Patriots]
from Book Tenth. Residence in France and French Revolution
[The Reign of Terror. Confusion. Return to England]
[Further Events in France]
[The Death of Robespierre and Renewed Optimism]
[Britain Declares War on France. The Rise of Napoleon and
Imperialist France]
from The Prelude 1850 490
[Apostrophe to Edmund Burke]
from Book Eleventh. Imagination, How Impaired and Restored
[Imagination Restored by Nature]
[“Spots of Time.” Two Memories from Childhood and Later
Reflections]
from Book Thirteenth. Conclusion
[Climbing Mount Snowdon. Moonlit Vista. Meditation on “Mind,” “Self,”
“Imagination,” “Fear,” and “Love”]
[Concluding Retrospect and Prophecy]
RESPONSE
Samuel Taylor Coleridge: To a Gentleman
“I travell’d among unknown Men”
Resolution and Independence
RESPONSE
Lewis Carroll: Upon the Lonely Moor
“I wandered lonely as a Cloud”
“My heart leaps up”
Ode: Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early
Childhood
The Solitary Reaper
Elegiac Stanzas (“Peele Castle”)
RESPONSE
Mary Shelley: On Reading Wordsworth’s Lines on Peele Castle
Excursion
Preface
Book I “The Wanderer”
From Book IV
RESPONSES
William Hazlitt: from the Character of Mr. Wordsworth’s New Poem, The Excursion
Francis Jeffrey: from A Review of William Wordsworth’s Excursion
John Wilson, “But is it Christianity? … Was Margaret a Christian?” from “On Sacred Poetry” Blackwood’s Edinburg Magazine, 1828
from The Wanderer, 1845 Version
“Surprised by Joy”
“Mutability”
“Scorn not the Sonnet”
Extempore Effusion upon the Death of James Hogg
DOROTHY WORDSWORTH
Grasmere–A Fragment
Address to a Child
Irregular Verses
Floating Island
Lines Intended for My Niece’s Album
Thoughts on My Sick-bed
When Shall I Tread Your Garden Path?
Lines Written (Rather Say Begun) on the Morning of Sunday
April 6th
from The Grasmere Journals
[Home Alone]
[A Leech Gatherer]
[A Woman Beggar]
[An Old Sailor]
[The Grasmere Mailman]
[A Vision of the Moon]
[A Field of Daffodils]
[A Beggar Woman from Cockermouth]
[The Circumstances of “Composed upon Westminster Bridge”]
[The Circumstances of “It is a beauteous Evening”]
[The Household in Winter, with William’s New Wife. Gingerbread]
LETTERS
To Jane Pollard [A Scheme of Happiness]
To Lady Beaumont [A Gloomy Christmas]
To Lady Beaumont [Her Poetry, William’s Poetry]
To Mrs Thomas Clarkson [Household Labors]
To Mrs Thomas Clarkson [A Prospect of Publishing]
To William Johnson [Mountain-Climbing with a Woman]
RESPONSES
Samuel Taylor Coleridge: from A letter to Joseph Cottle
Thomas De Quincey: from Recollections of the Lake
Poets
SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE
Sonnet to the River Otter
COMPANION READING
William Lisle Bowles: To the River Itchin, Near Winton
The Eolian Harp
This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison
Frost at Midnight
from The Rime of the Ancyent Marinere (1798)
Part 1
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner (1817)
COMPANION READINGS
William Cowper: The Castaway
Samuel Taylor Coleridge: from Table Talk
Christabel
COMPANION READING
Mary Elizabeth Coleridge: The Witch
Kubla Khan
RESPONSE
Mary Robinson: To the Poet Coleridge
The Pains of Sleep
Dejection: An Ode
LETTERS
To William Godwin
To Thomas Poole
On Donne’s Poetry
Work Without Hope
Constancy to an Ideal Object
Epitaph
from The Statesman’s Manual
[Symbol and Allegory]
from The Friend
[My Ghost-Theory]
Biographia Literaria
Chapter 4
[Wordsworth’s Earlier Poetry]
Chapter 11
[The Profession of Literature]
Chapter 13
[Imagination and Fancy]
Chapter 14
[Occasion of the Lyrical Ballads—Preface to the Second Edition—The Ensuing
Controversy]
[Philosophic Definitions of a Poem and Poetry]
Chapter 17
[Examination of the Tenets Peculiar to Mr. Wordsworth. Rustic Life and Poetic Language]
Chapter 22
[Defects of Wordsworth’s Poetry]
from Lectures on Shakespeare
[Mechanic vs. Organic Form]
[The Character of Hamlet]
[Stage Illusion and the Willing Suspension of Disbelief]
[Shakespeare’s Images]
[Othello]
* COLERIDGE’ S “LECTURES” AND THEIR TIME
Shakespeare in the Nineteenth Century
Charles Lamb [and Mary Lamb] Preface to Tales from Shakespear
Charles Lamb from On the Tragedies of Shakspeare
William Hazlitt from Lectures on the English Poets • The Characters
of Shakespeare’s Plays *
GEORGE GORDON, LORD BYRON
She walks in beauty
So, we’ll go no more a-roving
Manfred
Illustration: Ford Madox Brown, Manfred on the Jungfrau, 1840
* “MANFRED” AND ITS TIME
The Byronic Hero
Byron’s Earlier Heroes from The Giaour • from The Corsair
from Lara • Prometheus • from Childe Harold’s
Pilgrimage, Canto the Third [Napoleon Buonaparte]
Samuel Taylor Coleridge from The Statesman’s Manual [“Satanic Pride
and Rebellious Self-Idolatry”]
Caroline Lamb from Glenarvon
William Hazlitt from Lectures on the English Poets [“On Shakespeare and Milton”]
Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley from Frankenstein; or The Modern
Prometheus
Felicia Hemans from The Widow of Crescentius
Percy Bysshe Shelley from Preface to Prometheus Unbound • from
Prometheus Unbound, Act 1
Robert Southey from Preface to A Vision of Judgement
George Gordon, Lord Byron from The Vision of Judgment *
CHILDE HAROLD’S PILGRIMAGE
from Canto the Third
[Waterloo Fields]
[Thunderstorm in the Alps]
[Byron’s Strained Idealism. Apostrophe to His Daughter]
from Canto the Fourth
[Rome. Political Hopes]
[The Coliseum. The Dying Gladiator]
[Apostrophe to the Ocean. Conclusion]
RESPONSES
John Wilson: from a review of Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage
John Scott: [Lord Byron’s Creations]
DON JUAN
Dedication
Canto 1
from Canto 2 [Shipwreck Juan and Haidée]
from Canto 3 [Juan and Haidée The Poet for Hire]
from Canto 7 [Critique of Military “Glory”]
from Canto 11 [Juan in England]
Stanzas (“When a man hath no freedom to fight for at home”)
On This Day I Complete My Thirty-Sixth Year
LETTERS
To Thomas Moore [On Childe Harold Canto III] (28 January 1817)
To John Murray [On Don Juan] (6 April 1819)
To John Murray [On Don Juan] (12 August 1819)
To Douglas Kinnaird [On Don Juan] (26 October 1819)
To John Murray [On Don Juan] (16 February 1821)
PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY
To Wordsworth
Mont Blanc
Hymn to Intellectual Beauty
Ozymandias
Sonnet: “Lift not the painted veil”
Sonnet: England in 1819
The Mask of Anarchy
RESPONSE
Leigh Hunt: Introduction to The Mask of Anarchy
Ode to the West Wind
To a Sky-Lark
RESPONSE
Thomas Hardy: Shelley’s Skylark
To—(“Music, when soft voices die”)
Adonais
RESPONSES
George Gordon, Lord Byron: from Don Juan
George Gordon, Lord Byron: Letter to Percy Bysshe Shelley
(26 April 1821)
George Gordon, Lord Byron: Letter to John Murray
(30 July 1821)
The Cloud
from Hellas
Chorus (“Worlds on worlds are rolling ever”)
Chorus (“The world’s great age begins anew”)
With a Guitar, to Jane
To Jane (“The keen stars”)
from A Defence of Poetry
The Cenci
Julian and Maddalo
The Sensitive Plant
Letter to Maria Gisborne
RESPONSE
Mary Shelley: Introductions to the Works of Percy Bysshe Shelley
(1824, 1839)
FELICIA HEMANS
Illustration: Edward Smith, after a painting by Edward Robinson, Portrait of
Felicia Hemans
from TALES, AND HISTORIC SCENES, IN VERSE
The Wife of Asdrubal
The Last Banquet of Antony and Cleopatra
Evening Prayer, at a Girls’ School
Casabianca
from RECORDS OF WOMAN, WITH OTHER POEMS
The Bride of the Greek Isle
Properzia Rossi
Indian Woman’s Death-Song
Joan of Arc, in Rheims
The Homes of England
The Graves of a Household
Corinne at the Capitol
Woman and Fame
RESPONSES
Francis Jeffrey: from A Review of Felicia Hemans’s Poetry
William Wordsworth: from Prefatory Note to Extempore Effusion
JOHN CLARE
Written in November (manuscript)
Written in November
Songs Eternity
[The Lament of Swordy Well]
[The Mouse’s Nest]
Clock a Clay
The Mores
JOHN KEATS
Illustration: Charles Brown, Portrait of John Keats, 1819
On First Looking into Chapman’s Homer; from Leigh Hunt, “Young Poets”
(Examiner, 1 December 1816)
COMPANION READINGS
Alexander Pope: from Homer’s Iliad
George Chapman: from Homer’s Iliad
Alexander Pope: from Homer’s Odyssey
George Chapman: from Homer’s Odyssey
“To one who has been long in city pent”
On the Grasshopper and Cricket
from Sleep and Poetry
RESPONSE
Z. [John Gibson Lockhart]: from On the Cockney School of Poetry
John Gibson Lockhart: from The Cockney School of
Poetry No. IV
On Seeing the Elgin Marbles
On sitting down to read King Lear once again
Sonnet: When I have fears
The Eve of St. Agnes
La Belle Dame sans Merci (letter text)
La Belle Dame sans Mercy, with Leigh Hunt’s Preface
(The Indicator 1820)
Incipit altera Sonneta (“If by dull rhymes”)
THE ODES OF 1819
Ode to Psyche
Ode to a Nightingale
Ode on a Grecian Urn
Ode on Indolence
Ode on Melancholy
To Autumn
Lamia
The Fall of Hyperion: A Dream
“This living hand”
“Bright Star”
LETTERS
To Benjamin Bailey [“The Truth of Imagination”] (22 November 1817)
To George and Thomas Keats [“Intensity” and “Negative Capability”]
(December 1817)
To John Hamilton Reynolds [Wordsworth and “The Whims
of an Egotist”] (3 February 1818)
To John Taylor [“A Few Axioms”] (27 February 1818)
To Benjamin Bailey [“Ardent Pursuit”] (13 May 1818)
To John Hamilton Reynolds [Wordsworth, Milton, and “Dark Passages”]
(3 May 1818)
To Benjamin Bailey [“I Have Not a Right Feeling Towards Women”]
(18 July 1818)
To Richard Woodhouse [The “Camelion Poet” vs. The “Egotistical
Sublime”] (27 October 1818)
To George and Georgiana Keats [“indolence,” “poetry” vs. “philosophy,”
the “vale of Soul-Making”] (Spring 1819)
To Fanny Brawne [“You Take Possession of Me”] (25 July 1819)
To Percy Bysshe Shelley [“An Artist Must Serve Mammon”]
(16 August 1820)
To Charles Brown [Keats’s Last Letter] (30 November 1820)
SIR WALTER SCOTT
Illustration: The Author of Waverley
Lord Randall
The Two Drovers
Introduction to Tales of My Landlord
PERSPECTIVES
Popular Prose and the Problems of Authorship
CHARLES LAMB
Oxford in the Vacation
Dream Children
Old China
WILLIAM HAZLITT
On Gusto
My First Acquaintance with Poets
THOMAS DE QUINCEY
from Confessions of an English Opium-Eater
On the Knocking at the Gate in Macbeth
[“What is it that we mean by literature?”]
JANE AUSTEN
from Northanger Abbey, Chapter 1
MARIA JANE JEWSBURY
The Young Author
WILLIAM COBBETT
from Rural Rides
MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT SHELLEY
The Swiss Peasant
The Victorian Age, Volume 2B, Fourth Edition
Illustration: Gustave Doré, Ludgate Hill 1044
THE VICTORIAN AGE AT A GLANCE 1045
INTRODUCTION 1049
VICTORIA AND THE VICTORIANS 1049
Illustration: Sunlight Soap advertisement commemorating the 1897 Jubilee of
Victoria’s reign 1050
THE AGE OF ENERGY AND INVENTION 1052
Illustration: Robert Howlett, Portrait of Isambard Kingdom Brunel and
Launching Chains of the Great Eastern, 1857 1053
THE AGE OF DOUBT 1055
Illustration: The Crystal Palace 1058
THE AGE OF REFORM 1059
THE AGE OF EMPIRE 1063
Illustration: “The Formula of British Conquest,” Pears’ Soap
advertisement 1065
THE AGE OF READING 1066
Color Plate 11: Sir John Everett Millais, Mariana
Color Plate 12: William Holman Hunt, The Awakening Conscience
Color Plate 13: Ford Madox Brown, Work
Color Plate 14: Augustus Egg, Past and Present, No. 1
Color Plate 15: Augustus Egg, Past and Present, No. 3
Color Plate 16: William Morriss, Guenevere, or La Belle Iseult
Color Plate 17: Dante Gabriel Rossetti, The Blessed Damozel
Color Plate 18: James McNeill Whistler, Nocturne in Black and Gold: The
Falling Rocket
Color Plate 19: John Williams Waterhouse, The Lady of Shalott
Color Plate 20: Sir Edward Burne-Jones, Love Among the Ruins
THE AGE OF SELF-SCRUTINY 1068
Illustration: Cartoon from Punch magazine, 1867 1068
THOMAS CARLYLE 1074
Illustration: Julia Margaret Cameron, Thomas Carlyle, 1867 1075
Past and Present 1076
Midas [The Condition of England] 1076
from Gospel of Mammonism [The Irish Widow] 1079
from Labour [Know Thy Work] 1080
from Democracy [Liberty to Die by Starvation] 1081
Captains of Industry 1083
PERSPECTIVES
The Industrial Landscape 1088
Illustration: John Leech, Horseman pursued by a train engine named
“Time” 1089
THE STEAM LOOM WEAVER 1090
FANNY KEMBLE 1091
from Record of a Girlhood 1091
THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULAY 1092
from A Review of Southey’s Colloquies 1092
PARLIAMENTARY PAPERS (“BLUE BOOKS”) 1094
Testimony of Hannah Goode, a Child Textile Worker 1095
Testimony of Ann and Elizabeth Eggley, Child Mineworkers 1095
CHARLES DICKENS 1097
from Dombey and Son 1097
from Hard Times 1098
BENJAMIN DISRAELI 1100
from Sybil 1100
FRIEDRICH ENGELS 1101
from The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844 1101
Illustration: Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin, Catholic Town in 1440 /Same
Town in 1840 1103
HENRY MAYHEW 1108
from London Labour and the London Poor 1108
Illustration: The Boy Crossing-Sweepers 1112
JOHN STUART MILL 1113
On Liberty 1115
from Chapter 2. Of the Liberty of Thought and Discussion 1115
from Chapter 3. Of Individuality, as One of the Elements of Well-Being 1117
The Subjection of Women 1121
from Chapter 1 1121
Statement Repudiating the Rights of Husbands 1129
Autobiography 1129
from Chapter 1. Childhood, and Early Education 1129
from Chapter 5. A Crisis in My Mental History. One Stage Onward 1132
ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING 1138
The Cry of the Children 1140
To George Sand: A Desire 1144
To George Sand: A Recognition 1144
A Year’s Spinning (Web)
Sonnets from the Portuguese 1145
1 (“I thought once how Theocritus had sung”) 1145
13 (“And wilt thou have me fashion into speech”) 1145
14 (“If thou must love me, let it be for nought”) 1145
21 (“Say over again, and yet once over again”) 1146
22 (“When our two souls stand up erect and strong”) 1146
24 (“Let the world’s sharpness, like a clasping knife”) 1147
28 (“My letters! all dead paper, mute and white!”) 1147
32 (“The first time that the sun rose on thine oath”) 1147
38 (“First time he kissed me, he but only kissed”) 1148
43 (“How do I love thee? Let me count the ways”) 1148
The Runaway Slave at Pilgrim’s Point 1148
Aurora Leigh 1155
Book 1 1155
[Self-Portrait] 1155
Illustration: Elizabeth Barrett Browning, frontispiece of Aurora Leigh 1156
[Her Mother’s Portrait] 1157
[Aurora’s Education] 1158
[Discovery of Poetry] (Web)
Book 2 1162
[Woman and Artist] 1162
[No Female Christ] 1165
[Aurora’s Rejection of Romney] 1166
Book 3 1170
[The Woman Writer in London] 1170
Book 5 1171
[Epic Art and Modern Life] 1171
from A Curse for a Nation (Web)
A Musical Instrument 1174
The Best Thing in the World (Web)
ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON 1175
Illustration: Max Beerbohm, Tennyson Reading “In Memoriam” to his Sovereign,
1904 1178
The Kraken 1178
Mariana 1179
The Lady of Shalott 1181
Illustration: William Holman Hunt, The Lady of Shalott 1182
The Lotos-Eaters 1185
Ulysses 1189
Tithonus 1191
Break, Break, Break 1193
The Epic [Morte d’Arthur] 1194
The Eagle: A Fragment (Web)
Locksley Hall 1196
from THE PRINCESS 1201
Sweet and Low (Web)
The Splendour Falls 1201
Tears, Idle Tears 1202
Now Sleeps the Crimson Petal 1202
Come Down, O Maid (Web)
[The Woman’s Cause Is Man’s] 1203
from In Memoriam A. H. H. 1204
The Charge of the Light Brigade 1235
Idylls of the King 1237
The Coming of Arthur 1237
Pelleas and Ettarre (Web)
The Passing of Arthur 1247
The Higher Pantheism 1257
RESPONSE
Algernon Charles Swinburne: The Higher Pantheism in a
Nutshell 1258h
Flower in the Crannied Wall (Web)
Crossing the Bar 1259
EDWARD FITZGERALD (Web)
The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám of Naishápúr (Web)
CHARLES DARWIN 1260
Illustration: Linley Sambourne, Man is But a Worm 1261
The Voyage of the Beagle 1262
from Chapter 10. Tierra Del Fuego 1262
Illustration: Thomas Landseer, after a drawing by C. Martens, A Fuegian at
Portrait Cove 1263
from Chapter 17. Galapagos Archipelago 1269
On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection 1272
from Chapter 3. Struggle for Existence 1272
The Descent of Man 1277
from Chapter 21. General Summary and Conclusion 1277
from Autobiography 1283
PERSPECTIVES
Religion and Science 1291
THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULAY 1292
from Lord Bacon 1292
CHARLES DICKENS 1293
from Sunday Under Three Heads 1293
DAVID FRIEDRICH STRAUSS 1296
from The Life of Jesus Critically Examined 1296
CHARLOTTE BRONTË 1299
from Jane Eyre 1299
ARTHUR HUGH CLOUGH 1301
Epi-strauss-ium 1301
The Latest Decalogue 1302
from Dipsychus 1302
JOHN WILLIAM COLENSO 1303
from The Pentateuch and Book of Joshua Critically Examined 1304
JOHN HENRY CARDINAL NEWMAN 1305
from Apologia Pro Vita Sua 1305
THOMAS HENRY HUXLEY 1313
from Evolution and Ethics 1313
SIR EDMUND GOSSE 1317
from Father and Son 1317
ROBERT BROWNING 1322
Illustration: Julia Margaret Cameron, Robert Browning, 1866 1322
Porphyria’s Lover 1325
Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister 1326
My Last Duchess 1328
How They Brought the Good News from Ghent to Aix 1330
Home-Thoughts, from Abroad 1331
Home-Thoughts, from the Sea 1332
The Bishop Orders His Tomb at Saint Praxed’s Church 1332
Meeting at Night 1335
Parting at Morning 1336
A Toccata of Galuppi’s 1336
Memorabilia 1337
Love Among the Ruins 1338
“Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came” 1340
RESPONSE
Stevie Smith: Childe Rolandine 1346h
Fra Lippo Lippi 1347
The Last Ride Together 1355
Andrea del Sarto 1358
Two in the Campagna (Web)
A Woman’s Last Word 1364
Caliban Upon Setebos 1366
Epilogue to Asolando 1372
CHARLES DICKENS 1373
A Christmas Carol 1376
Illustration: Hablot K. Browne, Mr Scrooge Extinguishing the Spirit 1399
from A Walk in a Workhouse 1425
COMPANION READINGS
Dickens at Work: Recollections by His Children and Friends (Web)
Kate Field: Dickens Giving a Reading of A Christmas Carol 1430 h
POPULAR SHORT FICTION 1431
ELIZABETH GASKELL 1432
Our Society at Cranford 1432
THOMAS HARDY 1447
The Withered Arm 1448
SIR ARTHUR CONAN DOYLE 1466
A Scandal in Bohemia 1467
Illustration: Sidney Paget, Good-night Mr Sherlock Holmes 1480
EMILY BRONTË 1482
“High waving heather ’neath stormy blasts bending” 1484
“The night is darkening round me” 1484
“And first an hour of mournful musing” 1485
“I’m happiest when most away” 1485
“There are two trees in a lonely field” 1485
Stanzas 1485
Plead for me 1486
Stars 1487
The Prisoner (A Fragment) 1488
Remembrance 1490
“No coward soul is mine” 1491
JOHN RUSKIN 1492
Modern Painters 1493
from Definition of Greatness in Art 1493
from Of Water, As Painted by Turner 1494
The Stones of Venice 1495
from The Nature of Gothic 1495
Illustration: John Ruskin, Windows of the Early Gothic Palaces 1496
The Storm-Cloud of the Nineteenth Century 1505
Praeterita (Web)
Preface (Web)
from The Springs of Wandel (Web)
from Herne-Hill Almond Blossoms (Web)
from Schaffhausen and Milan (Web)
from The Grande Chartreuse (Web)
from Joanna’s Care (Web)
FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE 1510
from Cassandra 1511
PERSPECTIVES
Victorian Ladies and Gentlemen 1520
Illustration: The Parliamentary Female, from Punch magazine, 1853 1521
FRANCES POWER COBBE 1522
from Life of Frances Power Cobbe As Told by Herself 1522
SARAH STICKNEY ELLIS 1525
from The Women of England: Their Social Duties and Domestic Habits 1525
CHARLOTTE BRONTË 1528
from Letter to Emily Brontë 1528
Illustration: Richard Redgrave, The Poor Teacher, 1844 1529
ANNE BRONTË 1529
from Agnes Grey 1530
JOHN HENRY CARDINAL NEWMAN 1531
from The Idea of a University 1531
CAROLINE NORTON 1532
from A Letter to the Queen 1533
GEORGE ELIOT 1535
Margaret Fuller and Mary Wollstonecraft 1535
THOMAS HUGHES 1540
from Tom Brown’s School Days 1540
ISABELLA BEETON 1542
from The Book of Household Management 1542
JOHN RUSKIN 1544
from Sesame and Lilies 1544
Of Queens’ Gardens 1544
QUEEN VICTORIA 1547
Letters and Journal Entries on the Position of Women 1547
Illustration: Edwin Landseer, Windsor Castle in Modern Times, 1841–1845 1549
SARAH GRAND 1552
from The New Aspect of the Woman Question 1552
SIR HENRY NEWBOLT 1553
Vitaï Lampada 1554
MONA CAIRD 1554
from Does Marriage Hinder a Woman’s Self-Development? 1555
RUDYARD KIPLING 1556
If 1556
MATTHEW ARNOLD 1557
Illustration: Matthew Arnold and his wife Frances Wightman Arnold 1557
Isolation. To Marguerite 1560
To Marguerite—Continued 1561
Dover Beach 1562
RESPONSE
Anthony Hecht: The Dover Bitch 1563h
Lines Written in Kensington Gardens 1564
The Buried Life 1565
Stanzas from the Grande Chartreuse 1567
The Scholar-Gipsy 1572
East London 1578
West London 1579
Thyrsis 1579
from The Function of Criticism at the Present Time 1585
from Culture and Anarchy 1595
from S
David Damrosch is Professor of Comparative Literature at Harvard University. He is a past president of the American Comparative Literature Association, and has written widely on world literature from antiquity to the present. His books include What Is World Literature? (2003),The Buried Book: The Loss and Rediscovery of the Great Epic of Gilgamesh (2007), and How to Read World Literature (2009). He is the founding general editor of the six-volumeLongman Anthology of World Literature, 2/e (2009) and the editor of Teaching World Literature (2009).
Kevin J. H. Dettmar is W. M. Keck Professor and Chair, Department of English, at Pomona College, and Past President of the Modernist Studies Association. He is the author of The Illicit Joyce of Postmodernism and Is Rock Dead?, and the editor of Rereading the New: A Backward Glance at Modernism; Marketing Modernisms: Self-Promotion, Canonization, and Rereading; Reading Rock & Roll: Authenticity, Appropriation, Aesthetics; the Barnes & Noble Classics edition of James Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and Dubliners; and The Blackwell Companion to Modernist Literature and Culture, and co-general editor of The Longman Anthology of British Literature.
Christopher Baswell is A. W. Olin Chair of English at Barnard College, and Professor of English and Comparative Literature at Columbia University. His interests include classical literature and culture, medieval literature and culture, and contemporary poetry. He is author of Virgil in Medieval England: Figuring the "Aeneid" from the Twelfth Century to Chaucer, which won the 1998 Beatrice White Prize of the English Association. He has held fellowships from the NEH, the National Humanities Center, and the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton.
Clare Carroll is Director of Renaissance Studies at The Graduate Center, City University of New York and Professor of Comparative Literature at Queens College and at The Graduate Center, CUNY. Her research is in Renaissance Studies, with particular interests in early modern colonialism, epic poetry, historiography, and translation. She is the author of The Orlando Furioso: A Stoic Comedy, and editor of Richard Beacon's humanist dialogue on the colonization of Ireland,Solon His Follie. Her most recent book isCirce's Cup: Cultural Transformations in Early Modern Ireland. She has received Fulbright Fellowships for her research and the Queens College President's Award for Excellence in Teaching.
Andrew Hadfield is Professor of English at The University of Sussex. He is the author of a number of books, including Shakespeare and Republicanism (2005), which was awarded the 2006 Sixteenth-Century Society Conference Roland H. Bainton Prize for Literature; Literature, Travel and Colonialism in the English Renaissance, 1540-1625 (1998); and Spenser's Irish Experience: Wilde Fruyt and Salvage Soyl (1997). He has also edited a number, most recently, with Matthew Dimmock, Religions of the Book: Co-existence and Conflict, 1400-1660 (2008), and with Raymond Gillespie, The Oxford History of the Irish Book, Vol. III: The Irish Book in English, 1550-1800 (2006). He is a regular reviewer for the TLS.
Heather Henderson is a freelance writer and former Associate Professor of English Literature at Mount Holyoke College. A specialist in Victorian literature, she is the recipient of a fellowship from the National Endowment for the Humanities. She is the author of The Victorian Self: Autobiography and Biblical Narrative. Her current interests include home-schooling, travel literature, and autobiography.
Peter J. Manning is Professor at Stony Brook University. He is the author of Byron and His Fictions and Reading Romantics, and of numerous essays on the British Romantic poets and prose writers. With Susan J. Wolfson, he has co-edited Selected Poems of Byron, and Selected Poems of Beddoes, Hood, and Praed. He has received fellowships from the National Endowment for the Humanities and the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, and the Distinguished Scholar Award of the Keats-Shelley Association.
Anne Howland Schotter is Professor and Chair of English and Associate Dean of the Faculty at Wagner College. She is the co-editor of Ineffability: Naming the Unnamable from Dante to Beckett and author of articles on Middle English poetry, Dante, and Medieval Latin poetry. Her current interests include the medieval reception of classical literature, particularly the work of Ovid. She has held fellowships from the Woodrow Wilson and Andrew W. Mellon foundations.
William Sharpe is Professor of English Literature at Barnard College. A specialist in Victorian poetry and the literature of the city, he is the author of Unreal Cities: Urban Figuration in Wordsworth, Baudelaire, Whitman, Eliot, and Williams. He is also co-editor of The Passing of Arthur and Visions of the Modern City. He is the recipient of Guggenheim, National Endowment of the Humanities, Fulbright, and Mellon fellowships, and recently published New YorkNocturne: The City After Dark in Literature, Painting, and Photography.
Stuart Sherman is Associate Professor of English at Fordham University. He received the Gottschalk Prize from the American Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies for his book Telling Time: Clocks, Diaries, and English Diurnal Form, 1660-1775, and is currently at work on a study called “News and Plays: Evanescences of Page and Stage, 1620-1779.” He has received the Quantrell Award for Undergraduate Teaching, as well as fellowships from the American Council of Learned Societies, the Chicago Humanities Institute, and Princeton University.
Susan J. Wolfson is Professor of English at Princeton University and is general editor of Longman Cultural Editions. A specialist in Romanticism, her critical studies include The Questioning Presence: Wordsworth, Keats, and the Interrogative Mode in Romantic Poetry, Formal Charges: The Shaping of Poetry in British Romanticism, and Borderlines: The Shiftings of Gender in British Romanticism. She has also produced editions of Felicia Hemans, Lord Byron, Thomas L. Beddoes, William M. Praed, Thomas Hood, as well as the Longman Cultural Edition of Shelley’s Frankenstein. She received Distinguished Scholar Award from Keats-Shelley Association, and grants and fellowships from American Council of Learned Societies, National Endowment for the Humanities, J. S. Guggenheim Foundation, and Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. She is President (2009-2010) of the Association of Literary Scholars, Critics, and Writers.
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